By March the Americans controlled all strategically and economically important locations of Luzon, but small groups of Japanese held out in the mountains until Japan’s surrender in August. One of the three Australian landing ships at Lingayen Gulf, HMAS Westralia had a narrow brush with a kamikaze. International Center, 1990 - Coastal ecology. Between 6 January and 9 January the day of the landing, HMAS Australia was hit five times by kamikazes and that afternoon was ordered home for repairs. The Coastal Environmental Profile of Lingayen Gulf, Philippines. The Bombardment and Fire Support Group included four Australian ships, cruisers Australia and Shropshire and destroyers Arunta and Warramunga. The next American objective was Luzon with the US 6th Army landing in Lingayen Gulf in the same area where three years before the Japanese landed. The main landing of Japanese forces targeted Lingayen Gulf, with its proximity to the Philippine capital of Manila, and Lamon Bay on the opposite coast to the. Among the Australian ships in the battle were the cruiser HMAS Shropshire and the destroyer HMAS Arunta.
The Japanese navy suffered a decisive defeat. The Japanese Navy mobilized most of its remaining major naval vessels for the largest naval battle of the Second World War, the Battle of Leyte Gulf. The invasion of Leyte saw the first use of kamikaze attacks with one damaging HMAS Australia. General Douglas MacArthur lands in the Philippines at Lingayen Gulf on Luzon. On 20 October 1944, the United States commenced the liberation of the Philippines with the landing of troops on the island of Leyte. The Japanese forced the Americans and Filipino forces to retreat to the Bataan peninsula where they were besieged for nearly four months before a renewed Japanese offensive forced a surrender on 9 April 1942. On 22 December 1941, the Japanese 14th Army under Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma landed at Lingayen Gulf on the north east coast of Luzon Island, the largest island in the Philippines.
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